Fire ember production from wildland and structural fuels

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Spot fires caused by wind-blown burning embers are a significant mechanism of fire spread in the wildland and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI). Fire spread and structure ignition by embers can be characterized by three major processes or mechanisms: ember production, ember transport, and ember ignition of fuel. This study investigates ember production from selected wildland and structural  fuels under a range of environmental conditions through full-scale, intermediate-scale, and small-scale laboratory experiments.