Fuels & Fuel Treatments
Webinar recording.
n this LANDFIRE Office Hour, Phil Graeve (Deputy Director, National Interagency Prescribed Fire Training Center) and Russ Parsons (Research Ecologist, USDA Forest Service, RMRS Fire Sciences Lab) discuss the looming fuels problem in the US – from the perspective of a fuels planner and fire management officer. The break down recent advancements in 3D fuels modeling, prescribed burn planning while discussing the inputs to these models. Check this Office Hour out to discover where the field of fuels modeling is headed…
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Short-term fire risk reduction and long-term resilience objectives can be complementary within a landscape, but ecosystem resilience is not a guaranteed co-benefit when fire risk reduction is the primary objective. Rather, improving ecosystem resilience cannot be achieved quickly because many desired forest conditions require both deliberate strategic action to guide the location, character, and timing of management as a disturbance agent, as well as adequate time for landscape conditions to improve and resilience benefits to be realized.
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In mountain big sagebrush associations, simulations of prescribed burn fuel treatments indicated that treatments were economically efficient in ecosystems dominated by sagebrush or in the early to mid-phases of pinyon-juniper expansion when compared to expected suppression costs. For low sagebrush, mechanical fuel treatments were not economically efficient, mainly due to higher associated costs. For black sagebrush, mechanical fuel treatments led to increased suppression costs in three of six potential treatment settings largely due to increases in surface fuels and fire behavior.
While wildfire suppression cost savings were the primary benefit, economic benefits included enhanced wildlife habitat, water availability, livestock grazing, and recreational opportunities. This research suggests that if land managers consider treatment costs along with specific sagebrush associations and their resilience and resistance levels, they can plan more effective and efficient fuel treatments.
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• Tree invasion of sagebrush habitat in southwest Montana has caused a 30% decline in the population of Brewer’s sparrows since 1954.
• If nothing is done to prevent tree encroachment, Brewer’s sparrows will decline by 60% in the next 30 years.
• Defending core sagebrush habitat through conifer removal can maintain populations of Brewer’s sparrows into the future
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We found that aspen slows fire progression: as aspen cover on the landscape increased, daily area burned and linear spread rate decreased. Where aspen cover was <10%, daily fire growth averaged 1112 ha/day and maximum linear spread was 2.1 km/day; where aspen exceeded 25%, these values dropped to 368 ha/day and 1.3 km/day. Aspen also serves as a barrier to fire spread, demonstrated through a higher proportion of aspen cover at fire perimeters than in burn interiors. Finally, though favorable fire weather conditions increased fire growth rates, differences between aspens and conifers persisted. Our results affirm that aspen stands can act as a firebreak, with clear applications for vegetation management. For example, interventions that shift conifer to aspen cover could lessen the risk of fire for nearby values at risk (e.g., communities, infrastructure) but still support forest ecosystem function. Further, wildfire-driven conversion from conifer to aspen forest types in some landscapes may produce a negative feedback that could dampen expected increases in fire activity under a warmer and drier climate.
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Our study highlights that fuel characteristics and broadcast burning disproportionally impacted burn severity, with Rx being the most effective and economical treatment. By creating a reproducible framework to explain burn severity, at both global and local scales, we gained nuanced insights about the drivers of burn severity that could inform and enhance fire and fuel management practices across multi-ownership landscapes.
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This brief shares insights from a June 4, 2024, prescribed fire field day hosted by the US Forest Service (USFS) and Great Basin Fire Science Exchange (GBFSE). The field day highlighted burn plan development in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) of Whites Creek on the Humboldt Toiyabe National Forest. It also serves as an example of the types of relationship-building and communication opportunities and products the GBFSE makes possible through regional fire management partnerships.
Access training videos.
This virtual- and field-based training was developed and hosted by the Oak Woodlands & Forests Fire Consortium, Lake States Fire Science Consortium, and the Huron-Manistee National Forests. The virtual event was held June 1-4, 2021, and introduced participants to:
- tools for selecting metrics that match management/restoration objectives;
- developing site-specific protocols for sampling;
- developing a monitoring handbook and monitoring protocols/program for your local ecosystems;
- how to establish long-term monitoring and quantitative/qualitative data for wildfire risk assessment;
- evaluating the need for prescribed burns and other fuels treatments.
Webinar recording.
The Center for Ecosystem Climate Solutions (CECS), with support from California’s Strategic Growth Council (SGC), built a data cube of California forest conditions for 1985 to 2023. These data include state-wide, 30-m information on ecosystem disturbance, carbon, water, and fire hazard. These data are being tested against field observations with support from CALFIRE, and an updated 2024 dataset is nearing release. This presentation will introduce the data cube and use it to quantify recent changes in California’s wildlands.
Mike Goulden is a Professor of Earth System Science (ESS) at UC Irvine. Goulden’s research focuses on Ecosystem ecology, and the Biological, physical, and chemical controls on terrestrial carbon and water cycling. Goulden has conducted extensive fieldwork on carbon exchange in tropical, boreal and temperate ecosystems. Goulden’s more recent work emphasizes satellite-based mapping of ecosystem conditions and function.
The Forest Health Research Program is part of California Climate Investments, a statewide initiative that puts billions of Cap-and-Trade dollars to work reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening the economy, and improving public health and the environment — particularly in disadvantaged communities.
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We quantified active management and wildfire severity across yellow pine and mixed conifer (YPMC) forests in the Sierra Nevada of California over a 22-year period (2001–2022). We did not detect increases in the area treated through time, but the area of beneficial wildfire (low to moderate severity) increased substantially, exceeding active treatment area in 8 of 22 years. Overall, beneficial wildfire treated ~17% more area than all treatments combined, and roughly four times more area than fire-related treatments alone. We then used disturbance history to evaluate resistance to high-severity wildfire and forest loss across the YPMC range. Of the 2.3 million ha YPMC of forests in 2001, 20% lost mature forests due to high-severity fire by 2022, which is nearly half of all YPMC area burned. Most of the landscape (47%) remains at risk of high-severity fire because it had no restorative disturbances, but 33% of the study area has some level of resistance to high-severity wildfire. In these areas, resistance will need to be enhanced and maintained over time via active management or managed wildfire, but these treatment needs will likely outpace capacity even under optimistic implementation scenarios. Given limited resources for implementing active management and the likelihood of a more fiery future, incorporating beneficial wildfire into landscape-level treatment planning has the potential to amplify the impact of active management treatments.